The Science of Emotions: How Your Brain Creates Feelings

From neural pathways to facial expressions – the psychology behind emotional experiences

1. Major Theories of Emotion

James-Lange
Body → Emotion Cannon-Bard
Simultaneous
Schachter-Singer
Cognitive Label
1884 1927 1962

Fig 1: Evolution of emotion theories

James-Lange

“We feel sad because we cry”

Cannon-Bard

Body and emotion occur together

Schachter-Singer

Context determines emotion

2. The Emotional Brain

Amygdala
Fear Hippo-
campus
PFC
Regulation

Fig 2: Key limbic system structures

Key Findings:

  • Amygdala activates 300ms faster for threat detection
  • Prefrontal cortex regulates emotions after 500ms
  • Damage to amygdala causes impaired fear recognition

3. Science-Backed Emotion Regulation

Emotion
Control Cognitive
Reappraisal
Mindfulness Expression
Suppression
Situation
Selection

Fig 3: Emotion regulation strategies

Cognitive Reappraisal

Reframing thoughts reduces emotional intensity by 45%

Mindfulness

8-week practice shrinks amygdala 19%

🔑 Emotion Essentials

  • Emotions involve body, brain, and cognition
  • The amygdala is your emotional alarm system
  • Reappraisal is the healthiest regulation strategy
  • Basic emotions are culturally universal (Ekman, 1972)

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